Copper nanoparticles have attracted a lot of interest in recent years due to their interesting properties, low cost preparation and many potential applications as catalysis, cooling fluid or conductive inks, and its biomedical property. Hydrothermal synthesis is considered to be a versatile approach for the synthesis of transition metals. Copper nanoparticles were synthesized through the hydrothermal method by the reduction of copper chloride with the surfactant SDS. Sodium dodecyl sulfate acts as a stabilizer. Hydrazine is also used as reducing agent. As prepared Copper nanoparticles were characterized by XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), TEM (Transmission electron microscopy), FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy), PSA (Particle size analyzer) and UV/Vis (UV-Visible spectrometer). The resultant particles were confirmed to be pure Cu with a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure. Copper layered cotton fabric was prepared using dip coating method. The copper nanoparticles were homogenously coated on the cotton fabric and its antimicrobial activity was studied.