A synopsis of Brassicaceae Burnett (nom. cons.) or Cruciferae Adans (nom. cons. et nom. alt.) in the Indian subcontinent has been prepared on the basis of primary observations of different taxa belonging to this family in wild habitats and on secondary observations based on examining herbarium specimens and taxonomic literature. On the Indian subcontinent (comprising Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and India), the family Brassicaceae is poorly represented (8.88%).The present paper deals with distribution, Phyto-endemism, possible fossil ancestry, potential, survival threat on existing taxa etc. of Brassicaceae in the Indian subcontinent. For a better understanding of the species dynamics of Brassicaceae in the Indian subcontinent, the present status of Phyto-endemism has been compared to the data of previous investigations done in the nineteenth century.